Dictionary
a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality "a moderate grade of intelligence" "a high level of care is required" "it is all a matter of degree" a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process "a remarkable degree of frankness" "at what stage are the social sciences?" an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study "he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude" a measure for arcs and angles "there are 360 degrees in a circle" the highest power of a term or variable a unit of temperature on a specified scale "the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature" the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) "murder in the second degree" "a second degree burn"
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Wikipedia
This article is about the term "degree" as used in mathematics. For alternate meanings, see degree (disambiguation).''In mathematics, there are several meanings of degree depending on the subject. Degree of a polynomial - See main article Degree of a polynomial''The ''degree of a term of a polynomial'' in one variable is the exponent on the variable in that term; the ''degree of a polynomial'' is the ''highest'' such degree. For example, in 2''x'' 3 + 4''x'' 2 + ''x'' + 7, the term of highest degree is !2''x'' 3 ;? this term, and therefore the entire polynomial, are said to have ''degree 3''.For polynomials in two or more variables, the degree of a term is the ''sum'' of the exponents of the variables in the term; the degree of the polynomial is again the highest such degree. For example, the polynomial !''x'' 2' 'y'' 2? + 3''x'' 3 + 4''y'' has degree 4, the same degree as the term !''x'' 2' 'y'' 2.< br> Degree of a vertex in a graph - See main article degree (graph theory)''In graph theory, the degree of a vertex in a graph is the number of edges incident to that vertex — in other words, the number of lines coming out of the point. Degree of a continuous map - See main article degree (continuous map)''In topology, the term degree is applied to continuous function (topology) continuous maps between manifolds of the same dimension.
From a circle to itself - The simplest and most important case is the degree of a continuous map :.There is a projection :, , where is the equivalence class of modulo 1 (i.e. iff is an integer). If is continuous then there exists a continuous , called a ''lift'' of to , such that . Such a lift is unique up to an additive integer constant and . Note that is an integer and it is also continuous with respect to ; therefore the definition does not depend on choice of !.
Between manifolds - Let be a continuous map, and closed oriented !-dim ensional? manifolds.Then the degree of is an integer such that : Here is the map induced on the dimensional homology group, and denote the fundamental classes of and !.Her e? is the easiest way to calculate the degree: If is smooth and is a regular value of then is a finite number of points. In a neighborhood of each the map is a homeomorphism to its image, so it might be orientation preserving or orientation reversing. If is the number of orientation preserving and is the number of orientation reversing locations, then .The same definition works for compact manifolds with boundary but then should send the boundary of to the boundary of .One can also define degree modulo 2 !(deg2(' 'f''))? the same way as before but taking the ''fundamental class'' in Z2 homology. In this case !deg2('' f'')? is element of Z2, the manifolds need not be orientable and if as before then !deg2('' f'')? is ''n'' modulo 2.
Properties - The degree of map is a homotopy invariant; moreover for continuous maps from the sphere to itself it is a ''complete'' homotopy invariant, i.e. two maps are homotopic if and only if deg(''f'') = deg(''g'').
Degree of freedom - A degree of freedom is a concept in mathematics, statistics, physics and engineering. See degrees of freedom. Category:AlgebraCategory:Graph theoryCategory:Algebraic topology
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