fraud

intentional deception resulting in injury to another person a person who makes deceitful pretenses something intended to deceive

deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage

Template:TortLaw In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain, although it has a more specific legal meaning, the exact details varying between jurisdictions. Many hoaxhoaxes are fraudulent, although those not made for personal gain are not best described in this way. Not all frauds are hoaxes - electoral fraud, for example. Fraud permeates many areas of life, including art forgeryart, archaeological forgeryarchaelogogy and scientific fraudscience. In the broad lawlegal sense a fraud is any crime or civil wrong for gain that utilises some deception practiced on the victim as its principal method.In criminal law, fraud is the crime or offense of deliberately deceptiondeceiving another in order to damage them — usually, to obtain property or services from him or her unjustly. lectlaw.com. Fraud can be accomplished through the aid of forgeryforged objects. In criminal law it is called "theft by deception." Fraud can be committed through many methods, including mail fraudmail, wire fraudwire, phone fraudphone, and Internet fraudthe Internet.Acts which may constitute criminal fraud include:

bait and switch

confidence tricks such as the Advance fee fraud419 fraud, Spanish Prisoner, and the shell game

false advertising

identity theft

false billing

forgery of documents or signatures

taking money which is under your control, but not yours (embezzlement)

health fraud, selling of products of spurious use, such as quackeryquack medicines

creation of false companies or "long firms"

false insurance claims

Bankruptcy#Bankruptcy Fraudbankruptcy fraud, is a US federal crime that can lead to criminal prosecution under the charge of theft of the goods or services

investment frauds, such as Ponzi schemes

security (finance)securities frauds such as pump and dumpFraud, in addition to being a criminal act, is also a type of civil law violation known as a ''tort''. A tort is a civil wrong for which the law provides a remedy. A civil fraud typically involves the act of making a false representation of a fact susceptible of actual knowledge which is relied upon by another person, to that person's detriment.

English Law - In England and Wales there is no such offence as fraud, which term is used generically to describe a number of offences in which the overriding component is that of deception. There are allied torts at civil law such as Conversion.Each of the criminal offences have a further common element of dishonesty, although in some there is no requirement that the dishonest person is intent on gaining himself, it is sufficient that he has an intent to cause to loss to another.The criminal offences of fraud are to be found, principally, in the Theft Act 1968, the Theft Act 1978 and the Theft (Amendment) Act 1996 which created the new offence of Obtaining a Money Transfer by Deception. More specific offences may be found in other statutes such as Impersonation of a Police Officer as defined in Sec. 90 of the Police Act 1996; or Using a Forged Instrument within the terms of the Forgery & Counterfeiting Act 1981 (previously an offence known under the somewhat prosaic term of "Uttering").Criminal offences of fraud at English Law:

Obtaining Property by Deception

Obtaining Services by Deception

Obtaining a Pecuniary Advantage by Deception

False Accounting

False Statements by Company Directors

Suppression of Documents

Retaining a Wrongful Credit

Fraudulent trading

Known and alleged fraudsters and various forms of fraud - abuse

Alves Reis, a Portuguese fraudster who forged documents to print official Portuguese escudoescudo banknotes. He is considered to be the biggest counterfeiter of the 20th century. In 1925 he counterfeited 100,000,000 PTE. Adjusted for inflation, it would be worth about 150 Million USD today.

Frank Abagnale, US impostor who wrote bad checks

Ivan Boesky, inside tradinginside trader in the 1980s

Otto von Bressensdorf. German-born fraudster

Cassie Chadwick, who pretended to be Andrew Carnegie's daughter to get loans

Tino De AngelisAnthony Di Angelis, "the Salad Oil King"

John Draper, also known as Captain Crunch, was a phone phreaker (not really a fraudster but he famously known as a fraudster by phone company in early and late 1970's)

William Duer (1747-1799)William Duer, accused of embezzlement of $238,000 from United States Treasury DepartmentUS Treasury Department in the 1790s

Leontina Espinoza, a Chilean woman who did ''not'' give birth to 58 children

Billie Sol Estes - cotton subsidy and loan fraud in 1960s, resulting in the eventual creation of the federal Office of Inspector General

Megan Ireland, Australian con artist and Lottery scammer

Sante and Kenneth Kimes, US fraudsters

Ivar Kreuger “The Match King”

Dennis Levine

Gregor MacGregor, Scottish conman who tried to attract investment and settlers for a non-existent country of Poyais

Robert Maxwell, UK newspaper tycoon who milked his companies dry

Gaston Means

Michael Milken, "The Junk Bond King"

Barry Minkow and the ''ZZZZ Best''

Antonio Jiminez Moreno, welfare fraud

Frederick Emerson Peters, US impersonator who wrote bad checks

Charles Ponzi, and Ponzi scheme

Peter Popoff, whose faith healing-based Pentecostal televangelismtelevangelist ministry was debunked by professional skeptic James Randi and television presenter Johnny Carson in the 1980s

Christopher Rocancourt who defrauded Hollywood celebrities

Serge Rubinstein, Russian-born diamond swindler

Rajendra Sethia, Indian fraudster

Franz Tausend, fake alchemist -

Richard Whitney, stole from the New York Stock ExchangeNew York Stock Exchange Gratuity Fund in 1930s

Dorothy Mae Woods, US "Welfare Queen"

Robert Vesco, US fugitive financier

See also -

Accounting scandals

Affinity fraud

Benford's law

Caper storyCaper stories (such as ''The Sting'')

Corporate abuse

Creative accounting

Credit card fraud

False Claims Law

Hoax

Inspector General

Internet fraud

Mail fraud

Phishing

pious frauds, a form of fraud in religion motivated by sincere zeal

Phone fraud

Political corruption

Ponzi scheme

Quatloos.com

Questioned document examination

Spin (public relations)Spin

The National Council Against Health Fraud

SAS !99Category:CrimesCategory:Dece ptionCategory:Fraud!*de:Betrugfr:Escroqueriehr:Pri jevaraid:Penipuannl:Fraudeja:� ��欺pt:Fraudesv:Bedrägeri

Rechtsanwalt Michael Rosenthal, Karlsruhe
nullapoena.de is the website of Michael Rosenthal, lawyer, in Karlsruhe, Germany. A specialist in criminal law, focussing particularly on cases involving business crime and transnational allegations.
http://www.nullapoena.de/en/index.html

Zalma Insurance Consultants
A site for insurance professionals in need of a consultant or insurance expert witness.
http://www.zic.bz

SEMARIA FRAUD CONSULTING
Certified Fraud Examiner and Certified Security Consultant. Specializing in IDENTITY THEFT, EMPLOYEE THEFT AND EMBEZZLEMENT, AND FRAUD DETECTION & PREVENTION
http://www.idrfraud.com/

The Law Office of Philip L. Arnel - Boston/Dedham, Massachusetts Lawyer
A full service Boston/Dedham, Massachusetts law office with extensive experience in personal injury matters including, but not limited to, motor vehicle, car, automobile, motorcycle, truck, bus, recreational, construction, premises, slip and fall, etc., and criminal defense including, but not limited to, drunk driving/OUI/DUI/DWI, motor vehicle offenses, sex offenses, drug offenses, gun charges, violent crimes, assault and battery, restraining orders, larceny, shoplifting, probation hearings, clerk's hearings, etc., and a strong emphasis on providing legal services in the most cost-effective, efficient and results-oriented manner. Free initial consultations and flexible appointment times. Any messages are promptly returned. Please visit our website.
http://www.arnellawoffice.com/

Lemon Killer
Kill your lemon. Learn about the lemon law in your state and contact a lemon law attorney to get rid of that lemon!
http://www.lemonkiller.com/

www.qcmortgage.com
Mortgage compliance, Quality Assurance, Fraud prevention
http://www.qcmortgage.com/

Sierra Foothills Private Investigation
Private Investigation CA Foothills Consumer Fraud Links
http://www.dlonginvestigations.com/

The Shysters Shuffle
Legal abuse, negligence, and incompetence in America's courts.
http://www.updoc.com/

ClaimSchool
A source for the education and training of insurance professionals.
http://www.claimschool.com

class action litigation
Class Action Litigation Information is a service provided by Timothy E. Eble, P.A. This website is maintained to provide a useful legal research source for attorneys. It is also maintained as a free service to assist the public in understanding class action litigation, government, and the legal system.
http://www.classactionlitigation.com/

Quality Mortgage Services
Full Service Outsource Mortgage Compliance Company
http://www.qualitymortgageservices.com/

End Evil
End Evil is dedicated to political criticism and satire, game and film reviews, and short stories.
http://www.endevil.com/

National Fraud Information Center
Information and links about many kinds of fraud.
http://www.fraud.org/

Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
Organization dedicated to fighting fraud and white-collar crime.
http://www.cfenet.com

National Council Against Health Fraud, Inc.
The NCAHF is a USA voluntary health agency that focuses its attention upon health fraud, misinformation and quackery as public health problems.
http://www.ncahf.org/

Quackwatch
Exposes unproven and scientifically questionable claims of alternative health therapies, vitamin peddlers, and other health frauds.
http://www.quackwatch.com