Dictionary
fire iron consisting of a metal rod with a handle used to stir a fire any of various card games in which players bet that they hold the highest-ranking hand
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Wikipedia
about the card gamethe domestic fireplace toolfireplace poker wikibooksparPokerPoker Poker is a card game, the most popular of a class of games called ''vying games'', in which players with fully or partially concealed cards make wagers into a central ''pot'', which is awarded to the remaining player or players with the best combination of cards. Poker can also refer to video poker which is a single-player game seen in casinos much like a slot machine. , Atlantic City, NJ.]]In order to play, one must learn the basic rules and procedures of the game, the values of the various combinations of cards (see Hand (poker)hand), and the rules about betting limits (see Betting (poker)betting). Some knowledge of the equipment used to play (see Poker equipment) is useful. There are also many List of poker variantsvariants of poker, loosely categorized as draw poker, stud poker, community card poker (a.k.a. "widow game"), and List of miscellaneous poker variantsmiscellaneous poker games. The most commonly played games of the first three categories are five-card draw, seven-card stud, and Texas hold 'em, respectively; each being a common starting point for learning games of the type. Dealer's choice is a way to play poker where the dealer chooses what type of poker to play.
History - The history of poker is a matter of some debate. The name of the game likely descended from the French languageFrench ''poque'', which descended from the German languageGerman ''pochen'' ('to knock'), but it is not clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing those names. It closely resembles the IranPersian game of ''as nas'', and may have been taught to French settlers in New Orleans by Persian sailors. It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the Renaissance game of ''primero'' and the French ''brelan''. The EnglandEnglish game ''Three card bragbrag'' (earlier bragg) clearly descended from ''brelan'' and incorporated bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time). It is quite possible that all of these earlier games influenced the development of poker as it exists now.English actor Joseph Crowell reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829, with a deck of 20 cards, four players betting on which player's hand was the most valuable. Jonathan H. Green's book, ''An Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of Gambling'' (G. B. Zieber, Philadelphia, 1843), described the spread of the game from there to the rest of the country by Mississippi riverboats, on which gambling was a common pastime. 's poker chips]]Soon after this spread, the full 52-card English deck was used, and the flush (poker)flush was introduced. During the American Civil War, many additions were made, including draw poker, stud poker (the five-card variant), and the Straight (poker)straight. Further American developments followed, such as the Wild card (poker) wild card (around 1875), lowball and High-low splitsplit-pot poker (around 1900), and community card poker games (around 1925). Spread of the game to other countries, particularly in Asia, is often attributed to the United States armed forcesU.S. military.The game and Poker jargonjargon of poker have become important parts of American culture and English culture. Such phrases as ''ace in the hole'', ''beats me'', ''blue chip'', ''call the bluff'', ''cash in'', ''buck (poker)pass the buck'', ''poker face'', ''stack up'', ''up the ante'', ''when the chips are down'', ''wild card'', and others are used in everyday conversation even by those unaware of their origins at the poker table.Modern Poker tournamenttournament play became popular in American casinos after the World Series of Poker began in 1970. It was also during that decade that the first serious strategy books appeared, notably ''The Theory of Poker'' by David Sklansky (ISBN 1880685000), ''Super System'' by Doyle Brunson (ISBN 0931444014), and ''The Book of Tells'' by Mike Caro (ISBN 0897461002).Poker’s popularity has experienced an unprecedented spike in recent years, largely due to the introduction of online poker and the invention of the hole-card camera which finally turned the game into a spectator sport. Viewers can now follow the action and drama of the game, and broadcasts of poker tournaments such as the World Series of Poker and the World Poker Tour have brought in huge audiences for cable and satellite TV distributors.
Game play - The game of poker is played in hundreds of List of poker variantsvariations, but the following overview of game play applies to most of them.Depending on the game rules, one or more players may be required to place an initial amount of money into the pot before the cards are dealt. These are called Betting (poker)#Forced betsforced bets and come in three forms: Betting (poker)#Anteantes, Betting (poker)#Blindsblinds, and Betting (poker)#Bring-insbring-ins.Like most card games, the dealer shuffles the playing carddeck of cards. The deck is then cut (playing cards)cut, and the appropriate number of cards are dealt face-down to the players. In a casino a "house" dealer handles the cards for each hand, but a ''button'' (any small item used as a marker, also called a ''Buck (poker)buck'') is rotated among the players to determine the order of dealing and betting in certain games. In a home game, the right to deal the cards typically rotates among the players clockwise, but a ''button'' may still be used.After the initial deal, the first of what may be several betting (poker)betting rounds begins. Between rounds, the players' hands ''develop'' in some way, often by being dealt additional cards or replacing cards previously dealt. During a round of betting, there will always be a ''current bet amount'', which is the total amount of money bet in this round by the player who bet last in this round. To keep better track of this, it is conventional for players to not place their bets directly into the pot (called ''splashing'' the pot), but rather place them in front of themselves toward the pot, until the betting round is over. When the round is over, the bets are then gathered into the pot.After the first betting round is completed (every participating player having called an equal amount), there may be more rounds in which more cards are dealt in various ways, followed by further rounds of betting (into the same central pot). At any time during the first or subsequent betting rounds, if one player makes a bet and all other players fold, the deal ends immediately, the single remaining player is awarded the pot, no cards are shown, no more rounds are dealt, and the next deal begins. This is what makes it possible to bluff (poker)bluff.At the end of the last betting round, if more than one player remains, there is a showdown (poker)showdown in which the players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their Poker handhands. The player with the best hand according to the poker variant being played wins the pot.
Computer players - The game of poker (or at least most of the variants) is considered to be Computational complexity theorycomputationally intractable. However, methods are being developed to at least approximate perfect strategy from the game theory perspective in the heads-up (two player) game, and increasingly good systems are being created for the multi-player or ring game. Perfect strategy has multiple meanings in this context. From a game-theoretic optimal point of view, a perfect strategy is a minimax one that cannot expect to lose to any other player's strategy; however, optimal strategy can vary in the presence of sub-optimal players who have weaknesses that can be exploited. In this case, a perfect strategy would be one that correctly or closely models those weaknesses and takes advantage of them to make a profit. Some of these systems are based on Bayes theorem, Nash equilibrium, Monte Carlo simulation, and Neural networks. A large amount of the research is being done at the University of Alberta by the GAMES group led by Jonathan Schaeffer who developed Poki and PsOpt.A major part of the skill of live poker games, however, is guessing at the strength of a player's hand by identifying Tell_(poker)tells made by other players, while concealing one's own, unlike, for example, chess, where all information about the game's current state is public. As a computer would not make any tells, playing against a computer would fundamentally change the nature of the game far more than in games like chess.Although you cannot read a computer opponent, playing against computer opponents can still help you sharpen your skills by learning how to count outs and play the percentages. With the advancing technology of artificial intelligence, computer players can be created to incorporate bluffs and other human-like decisions.
Quotations - ''Poker is a microcosm of all we admire and disdain about capitalism and democracy. It can be rough-hewn or polished, warm or cold, charitable and caring or hard and impersonal. It is fickle and elusive, but ultimately it is fair, and right, and just.'' — Lou Krieger''If you can't spot the sucker within the first half hour at the table, then you are the sucker.'' — common poker saying, as spoken by Matt Damon in ''Rounders (movie)Rounders''; originally attributed to Amarillo Slim''Whether he likes it or not, a man's character is stripped bare at the poker table; if the other players read him better than he does, he has only himself to blame. Unless he is both able and prepared to see himself as others do, flaws and all, he will be a loser in cards, as in life.'' — Anthony Holden (from ''Big Deal'')''There are few things that are so unpardonably neglected in our country as poker... Why, I have known clergymen, good men, kindhearted, liberal, sincere, and all that, who did not know the meaning of a 'flush'. It is enough to make one ashamed of one's species.'' — Mark Twain''Nobody is always a winner, and anybody who says he is, is either a liar or doesn't play poker.'' — Amarillo Slim''They anticipate losing when they sit down and I try my darnedest not to disappoint one of them.'' — Amarillo Slim''Poker is a game of people... It's not the hand I hold, it's the people that I play with.'' — Amarillo Slim''Hold em is to stud what chess is to checkers.'' — Johnny Moss''The guy who invented poker was bright, but the guy who invented the chip was a genius.'' — Big Julie''Last night I stayed up late playing poker with Tarot cards. I got a full house and four people died.'' — Steven Wright''Cards are war, in disguise of a sport.'' — Charles Lamb, ''Essays of Elia'' (1832)''You call this one and it's all over, baby.'' — Scotty Nguyen, during the 1998 World Series of Poker. Down to him and one other player, he said this to his opponent who called, and it was all over.Mae West: ''Is poker a game of chance?'' W.C. Fields: ''Not the way I play it.'' — My Little Chickadee
References - Brunson, Doyle Year = 1979 Title = Doyle Brunson's Super System Publisher = Cardoza ID = ISBN 1580420818 Sklansky, David Year = 1989 Title = The Theory of Poker (3rd Ed) Publisher = Two Plus Two Publications ID = ISBN 1880685000 Vorhaus, John Year = 2002 Title = Killer Poker Publisher = Lyle Stuart ID = ISBN 0818406305 Ernest, James; Selinker, Mike; Foglio, Phil Year = 2005 Title = Dealer's Choice: The Complete Handbook of Saturday Night Poker Publisher = Overlook Press ID = ISBN 1585676543 Caro, Mike Year = 1978 Title = Caro's Book of Poker Tells Publisher = Cardoza ID = ISBN 1580420826
See also - Betting (poker)BettingCategory:Poker_variantsPoker variantsList of miscellaneous poker variantsPoker handsList of poker related topicsList of poker playersOnline pokerMajor poker tournamentsPlaying cardsPoker jargonRule variations (poker)Rule variationsCheating in pokerPoker strategyPoker blog
External links - dir.yahoo.com - Yahoo Poker Directory directory.google.com - Google Poker Directory groups-beta.google.com - Rec.Gambling.Poker Newsgroup gamhoo.com - Gamhoo! Gambling Search Engine and DirectoryCategory:Card gamesCategory:Poker !da:Pokerde:Pokeres:Póquereo:P okerofr:Pokergl:Póquerit:Poke rhe:פוקרnl:Pokerja:ポー ーno:Pokerpl:Pokerpt:Pôque rru:Покерsimple:Pokersl:P okersv:Pokerzh:撲克
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